Chitoliro cha Arc chotentha cha mzere wamadzi pansi
Chitoliro chowalaZotsatira zake ndi zomwe zimaphatikizapo kulumikizana ndi zitsulo zolumikizirana nthawi yayitali. Njira iyi imawonetsetsa kuti ndi yolimba komanso yokhazikika, ndikupanga mapaipi athu kugonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi kutukuka kwambiri, kuwerama komanso kupsinjika. Kudzipereka kwathu kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa m'mphepete mwa matendawa kumatithandizanso kupereka mapaipi omwe amaposa malamulo osiyanasiyana ndikukwaniritsa makasitomala athu.
| Diameter yakunja (D) | Khoma lonenedwa mu mm | Kuyeserera kocheperako (MPA) | ||||||||||
| Kalasi yachitsulo | ||||||||||||
| in | mm | L210 (a) | L245 (b) | L290 (x42) | L320 (x46) | L360 (x52) | L390 (x56) | L415 (x60) | L450 (x65) | L485 (x70) | L555 (x80) | |
| 8-5 / 8 | 219.1 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13. | 14.2 | 159.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 |
| 7.0 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 13. | 15.3 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 11.5 | 13. | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 9-5 / 8 | 244.5 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 120.5 | 13. | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16. | 19.3 |
| 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 14.1 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 19.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10-3 / 4 | 273.1 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 9.0 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12. | 14.0 | 15.1 | 17.3 |
| 7.0 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 13. | 159.7 | 17.0 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 9.2 | 10.8 | 18.1 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 12-3 / 4 | 323.9.9 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 120. | 14.6 |
| 7.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.4 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 15.2 | 16.. 16.8 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (325.0) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 120. | 14.5 | |
| 7.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.3 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 18.8 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 13-3 / 8 | 339.7 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9. | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 13. |
| 8.0 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.9 | 10.4 | 17.4 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14 | 355.6.6 | 6.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 12. | 13. | 159.9 |
| 8.0 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 12. | 13.8 | 14.9 | 159.9 | 17.2 | 18.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 16.6 | 18.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 377.0) | 6.0 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 6.7 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12. | 13.1 | 15.0 | |
| 8.0 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 20.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 159.7 | 17.3 | 19.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16 | 406.4 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9. | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12. | 13. |
| 8.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 13. | 15.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 14.6 | 16.1 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (426.0) | 6.0 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 9...3 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 13.3 | |
| 8.0 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 9...3 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 120.5 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 15.5 | 17.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.1 | 8.3 | 13. | 15.3 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 18 | 457.0 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9...3 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 12. |
| 8.0 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 8.6 | 9.. 9.5 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12. | 13. | 14.4 | 16.5 | ||
| 12.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 12. | 14.3 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 20 | 508.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 9. | 10.3 | 11.8 |
| 8.0 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 12.8 | 13. | 159.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 12.3 | 13. | 15.3 | 16.6 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.9 | 9...3 | 16.4 | 18.1 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (529.0) | 6.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 11.3 | |
| 9.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 9. | 11.0 | 11.9 | 120. | 13.8 | 14.9 | 17.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 14.7 | 159.9 | 16. | 18.4 | 19.8 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22 | 559.0 | 6.0 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.7 |
| 9.0 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 9...3 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 16.1 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 11.2 | 12. | 13. | 15.1 | 16.0 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 18.7 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22.2 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 24 | 610.0 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9. |
| 9.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9. | 10.4 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 12. | 14.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 120. | 13.8 | 14.7 | 159.9 | 17.2 | 19.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 20.0 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 16.3 | 17. | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (630.0) | 6.0 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 9.. 9.5 | |
| 9.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 9...3 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 120.5 | 14.3 | ||
| 12.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13. | 14.2 | 159.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 | ||
| 16.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
Mwayi wofunikira wa mapaipi a arc ndioyenera kuyikidwa pamizere yamadzi. Muli ndi mafupa otetezedwa kwambiri komanso zomangamanga zolimba, mapaipi awa amapereka dongosolo labwino lamadzi lomwe limalepheretsa kutayika kulikonse kapena kuipitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kulimba kwawo kumawateteza ku zowonongeka zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha zokumbidwa pansi kapena masoka achilengedwe, kuonetsetsa madzi osasinthika kwa mabizinesi ndi mabizinesi chimodzimodzi.
Ovekedwachubusndi gawo lina lofunika kwambiri pa mapaipi athu owala. Chitoliro chowala cholima chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wokazilirira ndipo umapereka mphamvu kwambiri, ndikupanga kukhala koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamapulogalamu. Kaya amanyamula madzi, mipweya kapena masitedwe, machubu athu owoneka bwino owonetsetsa kuti amayenda mosayenera, ngakhale m'malo osokoneza bongo. Mtundu wapadera umawonjezeranso kukana kwa chipikacho ku zovuta zamkati ndi zakunja, ndikuwonetsetsa kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa mphamvu ndi kudalirika, mapaipi athu ozunguliridwa ndi arc amapatsa kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kusiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa akupezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana komanso kuchulukana ndipo amatha kupangidwa kuti azitha kukwaniritsa zofuna za polojekiti. Kaya ndi mzere wamadzi wokhala ndi madzi kapena malo akuluakulu opangira mafakitale, chitoliro chowala cha arc chimatha kukwaniritsa ntchito iliyonse, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mwachita bwino.
Kuti muwonetse kudzipereka kwathu kukondweretsa, chitoliro chathu chonse cha Arc chimayesedwa molimbika nthawi iliyonse yopanga kupanga. Kuchokera pakuwunikira zinthu zokwanira kuwunika kotsiriza, gulu la akatswiri odziwa zambiri, amaonetsetsa kuti mapaipi apamwamba okha. Kudzipereka kwathu kwa ntchito yabwino kwatithandizanso kukhala wodziwika chifukwa chopereka zinthu zomwe zimapitilira ziyembekezo, titatisiyanitsa ndi omwe timapikisana nawo.
Mwachidule. Lowani makasitomala ambiri omwe apeza omwe apeza zabwino za chitoliro cha arc. Kaya amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mizere yamadzi kapena ntchito ina iliyonse, mapaipi athu akutsimikizira kusasamala komanso kudalirika. Wonongerani ndalama m'mapaipi ankhondo a Arc lero ndikuwona kusiyana komwe amapereka ku polojekiti yanu.
