Ubwino wa Mapaipi Achitsulo a A252 Giredi 3 Omwe Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Pomanga Mipopi ya Sewer ndi Petroleum Pipeline
Chimodzi mwamaubwino ofunikira aA252 Gulu 3 chitoliro chachitsulo ndi mphamvu zake zapadera komanso kulimba kwake.Mapaipiwa amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri ndipo amalimbana kwambiri ndi dzimbiri, kuvala komanso kukhudzidwa.Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi otayira momwe angayankhidwe ndi zinthu zowononga komanso katundu wolemera.Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu zawo ndi kulimba kwawo zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi amafuta, chifukwa amayenera kupirira zovuta komanso kusintha kwa chilengedwe.
Standard | Kalasi yachitsulo | Zamankhwala (%) | Tensile Property | Charpy(V notch) Mayeso a Impact | ||||||||||
c | Mn | p | s | Si | Zina | Zokolola Mphamvu(Mpa) | Kulimba kwamakokedwe(Mpa) | (L0 = 5.65 √ S0 (mphindi Wotambasula) (%) | ||||||
max | max | max | max | max | min | max | min | max | D ≤ 168.33mm | D > 168.3mm | ||||
GB/T3091 -2008 | Q215A | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25 < 1.20 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.35 | Kuwonjezera NbVTi malinga ndi GB/T1591-94 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||
Q215B | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25-0.55 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||||
Q235A | ≤ 0.22 | 0.30 < 0.65 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | > 26 | |||||
Q235B | ≤ 0.20 | 0.30 ≤ 1.80 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | > 26 | |||||
Q295A | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | > 23 | |||||
Q295B | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | > 23 | |||||
Q345A | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | > 21 | |||||
Q345B | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | > 21 | |||||
GB/ T9711- 2011 (PSL1) | L175 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
Mwasankha kuwonjezera chimodzi mwazinthu za NbVTi kapena kuphatikiza kulikonse | 175 | 310 | 27 | Chimodzi kapena ziwiri za kulimba indexof mphamvu ya mphamvu ndi kumeta ubweya angasankhidwe.Za L555, onani muyezo. | ||||
L210 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 210 | 335 | 25 | |||||||
L245 | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 245 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
L290 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
L320 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 320 | 435 | 20 | |||||||
L360 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 360 | 460 | 19 | |||||||
L390 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 390 | 390 | 18 | |||||||
L415 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 415 | 520 | 17 | |||||||
L450 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 450 | 535 | 17 | |||||||
L485 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 485 | 570 | 16 | |||||||
API 5L (PSL 1) | A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Kwa kalasi B chitsulo, Nb+V ≤ 0.03%; kwa zitsulo ≥ kalasi B, kusankha kuwonjezera Nb kapena V kapena awo kuphatikiza, ndi Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15% | 172 | 310 | (L0 = 50.8mm) kukhala kuwerengeredwa molingana ndi formula iyi: e=1944·A0 .2/U0 .0 A: Dera lachitsanzo mu mm2 U: Mphamvu zocheperako zotchulidwa mu Mpa | Palibe kapena ayi kapena onse awiri zotsatira zake mphamvu ndi kumeta ubweya malo amafunikira ngati muyeso wolimba. | ||||
A | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 207 | 331 | ||||||||
B | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 241 | 414 | ||||||||
x42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 414 | ||||||||
x46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 317 | 434 | ||||||||
X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 359 | 455 | ||||||||
x56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 386 | 490 | ||||||||
X60 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 414 | 517 | ||||||||
x65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 448 | 531 | ||||||||
X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 483 | 565 |
Ubwino wina wa chitoliro chachitsulo cha A252 Grade 3 ndi kusinthasintha kwake.Mipope imeneyi imapezeka mu makulidwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, kuwapanga kukhala oyenera ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Kaya kumanga kakang'onochingwe cha sewerokapena chitoliro chachikulu chamafuta, chitoliro chachitsulo cha A252 Grade 3 chikhoza kusinthidwa mosavuta kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira za polojekiti.Kuphatikiza apo, mapaipi awa amatha kupangidwamapaipi opangidwa ndi gawo lopanda kanthu, kukulitsanso ntchito yawo yomanga.
Kuphatikiza pa mphamvu zake komanso kusinthasintha kwake, chitoliro chachitsulo cha A252 Grade 3 chimadziwikanso chifukwa cha mtengo wake.Mapaipiwa ndi osavuta kuyika ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro chochepa, kuchepetsa ndalama zonse za polojekiti.Kuphatikiza apo, moyo wawo wautali wautumiki komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri zimatsimikizira kuti amapereka chiwongola dzanja cholimba pazachuma cha ngalande ndi zimbudzipaipi yamafuta mzerentchito zomanga.
Ubwino wina wofunikira wa chitoliro chachitsulo cha A252 Grade 3 ndikugwirizana kwake ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomangira.Mapaipiwa amatha kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakale zokumba kapena njira zopanda mipanda monga kubowola kopingasa, kubowola kwa chitoliro kapena kuwongolera pang'ono.Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhazikitsa koyenera komanso kopanda mtengo m'malo osiyanasiyana ovuta, kuphatikizapo madera akumidzi, m'mphepete mwa madzi komanso malo okhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe.
Ponseponse, chitoliro chachitsulo cha A252 Grade 3 chimapereka maubwino osiyanasiyana opangira zimbudzi ndi mapaipi amafuta.Mphamvu zawo, kulimba, kusinthasintha komanso kutsika mtengo zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino pazofunikira izi.Kaya amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mapaipi kapena mapaipi amafuta, mapaipiwa amapereka ntchito yodalirika komanso yanthawi yayitali.Zotsatira zake, amakhalabe yankho lachisankho kwa mainjiniya ndi makontrakitala omwe akufunafuna mayankho olimba komanso odalirika a mapaipi.