Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Chitoliro Chozungulira Chosefedwa Panjira Yothira Madzi Pansi pa Pansi
Mapaipi ozungulira ozunguliraAmapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira mosalekeza, mozungulira komanso mozizira. Njirayi imapangitsa mapaipi kukhala ndi makulidwe ofanana a khoma, mphamvu zambiri, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri pansi pa zovuta zosiyanasiyana.chotchingira chozunguliraimaperekanso kukana bwino kusintha kwa zinthu ndipo imapanga malo osalala amkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda bwino komanso kuchepetsa kukangana.
Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chozungulira cholumikizidwa m'madzi apansi panthaka ndiChitoliro cha Mafuta ndi Gasindi njira yake yotsika mtengo. Mapaipi awa amadziwika kuti ndi abwino kwambiri popanga komanso otsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi mapaipi olumikizidwa mwachizolowezi. Kuphatikiza apo, kupepuka kwawo kumapangitsa kuti mayendedwe ndi kukhazikitsa zikhale zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo. Zotsatira zake, nthawi ya ntchito ikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndipo ndalama zonse zomangira zimachepetsedwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mapaipi olumikizidwa ndi spiral ali ndi kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri ndipo amalimbana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa masinthidwe ndi kukakamizidwa kwakunja. Izi zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa nthaka komwe mapaipi amakhudzidwa ndi nthaka, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi mitundu ina ya kupsinjika kwakunja. Kutha kwawo kupirira mphamvu zotere kumatsimikizira kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kulimba kwa makina olumikizirana.
Kuwonjezera pa kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake, mapaipi olumikizidwa mozungulira amalimbana kwambiri ndi dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kunyamula madzi, mafuta ndi gasi. Malo osalala amkati mwa chitoliro amachepetsa chiopsezo cha dzimbiri ndi kukula, pomwe chophimba chakunja chimapereka chitetezo china ku zinthu zachilengedwe. Kukana dzimbiri kumeneku kumawonjezera moyo wa chitoliro ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kokonza ndi kukonza pafupipafupi.
Zofotokozera za chitoliro cholumikizidwa mozungulira:
| Khodi Yokhazikika | API | ASTM | BS | DIN | GB/T | JIS | ISO | YB | SY/T | SNV |
| Nambala Yotsatizana ya Standard | A53 | 1387 | 1626 | 3091 | 3442 | 599 | 4028 | 5037 | OS-F101 | |
| 5L | A120 | 102019 | 9711 PSL1 | 3444 | 3181.1 | 5040 | ||||
| A135 | 9711 PSL2 | 3452 | 3183.2 | |||||||
| A252 | 14291 | 3454 | ||||||||
| A500 | 13793 | 3466 | ||||||||
| A589 |
Ubwino wina wogwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cholumikizidwa mozungulira cha madzi apansi panthaka ndi Mitsinje ya Madzi ya Pansi panthaka ndi kusinthasintha kwake. Mapaipi awa amatha kupangidwa m'makulidwe ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za polojekiti. Kaya ndi njira yaying'ono yogawa madzi kapena chitoliro chachikulu chotumizira mafuta ndi gasi, chitoliro cholumikizidwa mozungulira chimapereka kusinthasintha komanso kusinthasintha kuti chigwirizane ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cholumikizidwa mozungulira m'madzi apansi panthaka ndi Mizere ya Madzi ya Pansi panthaka kumapereka zabwino zingapo, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kusinthasintha. Pamene mafakitale akupitiliza kufunafuna njira zodalirika komanso zogwira mtima zolumikizira mapaipi, chitoliro cholumikizidwa mozungulira chakhala chisankho chodalirika cha machitidwe a mapaipi apansi panthaka. Chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito ake otsimikizika komanso kulimba kwake, sizosadabwitsa kuti mapaipi awa akhala chisankho choyamba pa ntchito zambiri za zomangamanga ndi mphamvu.







