Mapaipi Opangidwa ndi Mpweya Wachilengedwe Okhala Pansi pa Dziko

Mapaipi Opangidwa ndi Mpweya Wachilengedwe Okhala ndi Malo Opanda Madzi Chithunzi Chowonetsedwa

Kufotokozera Kwachidule:

Pomanga mapaipi a gasi wachilengedwe pansi pa nthaka, kusankha zinthu n'kofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito a zomangamanga. Machubu okhala ndi dzenje, makamaka machubu ozungulira, akutchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zapamwamba, kulimba komanso kukana dzimbiri. Mu blog iyi, tifufuza kufunika kwa machubu okhala ndi dzenje.-mapaipi omangidwa m'magawo pomanga mapaipi a gasi wachilengedwe pansi pa nthaka komanso ubwino wake waukulu.

Tumizani imelo kwa ife

Tsatanetsatane wa Zamalonda

Ma tag a Zamalonda

Mzere wozungulira wozungulirachitolirosamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mizere ya gasi wachilengedwe pansi pa nthaka chifukwa cha njira yawo yapadera yopangira. Mapaipi amapangidwa popanga ma coil achitsulo chotenthedwa ndi moto kukhala mawonekedwe ozungulira kenako nkuwalumikiza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira arc yonyowetsedwa pansi pa nthaka. Izi zimapangitsa mapaipi a arc onyowetsedwa pansi pa nthaka amphamvu kwambiri okhala ndi makulidwe ofanana komanso kulondola kwabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri ponyamula gasi wachilengedwe pansi pa nthaka.

Gome 2 Katundu Waukulu Wachilengedwe ndi Wamankhwala a Mapaipi Achitsulo (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 ndi API Spec 5L)
Muyezo	Kalasi yachitsulo	Zinthu Zamankhwala (%)						Katundu Wolimba						Mayeso a Charpy (V notch) Impact
		c	Mn	p	s	Si	Zina	Mphamvu Yopereka (Mpa)		Mphamvu Yokoka (Mpa)		（L0=5.65 √ S0）Mphindi Yotambasula （%）
		kuchuluka	kuchuluka	kuchuluka	kuchuluka	kuchuluka	Zina	mphindi	kuchuluka	mphindi	kuchuluka	D ≤ 168.33mm	D ＞ 168.3mm
GB/T3091 -2008	Q215A	≤ 0.15	0.25 ＜ 1.20	0.045	0.050	0.35	Kuwonjezera Nb\V\Ti motsatira GB/T1591-94	215		335		15	> 31
	Q215B	≤ 0.15	0.25-0.55	0.045	0.045	0.035		215		335		15	> 31
	Q235A	≤ 0.22	0.30 ＜ 0.65	0.045	0.050	0.035		235		375		15	>26
	Q235B	≤ 0.20	0.30 ≤ 1.80	0.045	0.045	0.035		235		375		15	>26
	Q295A	0.16	0.80-1.50	0.045	0.045	0.55		295		390		13	>23
	Q295B	0.16	0.80-1.50	0.045	0.040	0.55		295		390		13	>23
	Q345A	0.20	1.00-1.60	0.045	0.045	0.55		345		510		13	>21
	Q345B	0.20	1.00-1.60	0.045	0.040	0.55		345		510		13	>21
GB/T9711-2011（PSL1）	L175	0.21	0.60	0.030	0.030		Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera chimodzi mwa zinthu za Nb\V\Ti kapena kuphatikiza kulikonse kwa izo	175		310		27		Chimodzi kapena ziwiri mwa zizindikiro za kulimba kwa mphamvu ya impact ndi malo odulira zingasankhidwe. Pa L555, onani muyezo.
	L210	0.22	0.90	0.030	0.030			210		335		25
	L245	0.26	1.20	0.030	0.030			245		415		21
	L290	0.26	1.30	0.030	0.030			290		415		21
	L320	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			320		435		20
	L360	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			360		460		19
	L390	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			390		390		18
	L415	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			415		520		17
	L450	0.26	1.45	0.030	0.030			450		535		17
	L485	0.26	1.65	0.030	0.030			485		570		16
API 5L (PSL 1)	A25	0.21	0.60	0.030	0.030		Pa chitsulo cha giredi B, Nb+V ≤ 0.03%; pa chitsulo ≥ giredi B, kuwonjezera Nb kapena V kapena kuphatikiza kwawo, ndi Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15%	172		310		（L0=50.8mm）kuti ziwerengedwe motsatira njira iyi:e=1944·A0 .2/U0 .0 A: Dera la chitsanzo mu mm2 U: Mphamvu yochepa yokhazikika mu Mpa		Palibe mphamvu iliyonse kapena zonse ziwiri zomwe zimafunika pa mphamvu yokhudza kuuma kwa chitoliro ndi malo odulira ubweya.
	A	0.22	0.90	0.030	0.030			207		331
	B	0.26	1.20	0.030	0.030			241		414
	X42	0.26	1.30	0.030	0.030			290		414
	X46	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			317		434
	X52	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			359		455
	X56	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			386		490
	X60	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			414		517
	X65	0.26	1.45	0.030	0.030			448		531
	X70	0.26	1.65	0.030	0.030			483		565

Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa mapaipi okhala ndi dzenje ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino. Mapaipi a gasi achilengedwe akakwiriridwa pansi pa nthaka, amakumana ndi chinyezi, mankhwala a nthaka ndi zinthu zina zowononga. Mapaipi a arc ozungulira pansi pa nthaka amapangidwa mwapadera kuti apirire mikhalidwe yovutayi ya pansi pa nthaka, kuonetsetsa kuti mapaipi a gasi achilengedwe amakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wodalirika.

Kuwonjezera pa kukana dzimbiri,mapaipi omangidwa m'malo opanda kanthuamapereka mphamvu komanso kukhazikika kwapamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa nthaka. Kapangidwe ka mapaipi awa kamapereka mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yonyamula katundu, zomwe zimawathandiza kupirira kulemera kwa nthaka ndi mphamvu zina zakunja popanda kuwononga kapangidwe kake. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'madera omwe ali ndi zovuta za geology, komwe mapaipi ayenera kukhala okhoza kupirira kuyenda ndi kukhazikika kwa nthaka.

Kuphatikiza apo, mapaipi okhala ndi malo otseguka amadziwika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama. Amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukula ndi makulidwe ndipo amatha kusinthidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za mapulojekiti a mapaipi a gasi achilengedwe pansi pa nthaka. Izi zimachepetsa kufunika kwa zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi kuwotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyika kukhale kofulumira komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zonse. Kupepuka kwa mapaipi awa kumapangitsanso kuti mayendedwe ndi kugwirira ntchito zikhale zogwira mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zisamawonongeke.

Ponena za chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito amitsinje ya gasi yachilengedwe ya pansi pa nthaka, kusankha zinthu n'kofunika kwambiri. Mapaipi okhala ndi dzenje, makamaka mapaipi ozungulira ozungulira, amaphatikiza mphamvu, kulimba, kukana dzimbiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri potumiza mpweya wachilengedwe pansi pa nthaka. Mwa kuyika ndalama m'mapaipi apamwamba kwambiri opangidwira makamaka malo osungiramo zinthu pansi pa nthaka, makampani opanga gasi amatha kutsimikizira kudalirika ndi kukhalitsa kwa zomangamanga zawo pamene akuchepetsa ndalama zosamalira ndi kukonza pakapita nthawi.

Mwachidule, mapaipi opangidwa ndi mabowo opingasa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga mizere ya gasi wachilengedwe pansi pa nthaka. Kulimba kwake kwambiri, mphamvu zake zapamwamba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho choyamba pa ntchito zoyendera gasi wachilengedwe. Posankha zipangizo zoyenera zogwirira ntchito zapansi panthaka, makampani opanga gasi wachilengedwe amatha kusunga chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa zomangamanga zawo, zomwe pamapeto pake zimathandiza kupereka gasi wachilengedwe moyenera kwa ogula.