Kuchita kwa mankhwala muzitsulo

1. Mpweya (C) .Carbon ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chamankhwala chomwe chimakhudza kusinthika kwa pulasitiki kozizira kwachitsulo.Kukwera kwa carbon, mphamvu yapamwamba ya chitsulo, ndi kutsika kwa pulasitiki wozizira.Zatsimikiziridwa kuti pakuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 0.1% mu carbon content, mphamvu zokolola zimawonjezeka pafupifupi 27.4Mpa;mphamvu yamakokedwe imawonjezeka pafupifupi 58.8Mpa;ndipo elongation imachepa pafupifupi 4.3%.Chifukwa chake zomwe zili mu kaboni muzitsulo zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a pulasitiki ozizira achitsulo.

2. Manganese (Mn).Manganese amakumana ndi iron oxide mu chitsulo chosungunula, makamaka pochotsa chitsulo.Manganese amakumana ndi chitsulo cha sulfide mu chitsulo, chomwe chingachepetse mphamvu ya sulfure pachitsulo.Manganese sulfide opangidwa amatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yachitsulo.Manganese akhoza bwino kumakokedwa mphamvu ndi zokolola mphamvu zitsulo, amachepetsa kuzizira plasticity, amene ali zoipa kwa ozizira pulasitiki mapindikidwe zitsulo.Komabe, manganese ali ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa mphamvu yopindika Zotsatira zake zimakhala pafupifupi 1/4 ya kaboni.Choncho, kupatula zofunika zapadera, manganese zili carbon zitsulo sayenera upambana 0,9%.

3. Silikoni (Si).Silicon ndi chotsalira cha deoxidizer panthawi yosungunula zitsulo.Pamene silicon zili muzitsulo zikukwera ndi 0.1%, mphamvu yamakokedwe imawonjezeka pafupifupi 13.7Mpa.Zinthu za silicon zikadutsa 0.17% ndipo zomwe zili ndi kaboni zimakhala zambiri, zimakhudza kwambiri kuchepetsa kuzizira kwachitsulo.Moyenerera kuonjezera pakachitsulo zili zitsulo n'kopindulitsa mabuku mawotchi zimatha zitsulo, makamaka malire zotanuka, kungathenso kuonjezera kukana zitsulo Erosive.Komabe, pamene silicon zili mu zitsulo kuposa 0.15%, osakhala zitsulo inclusions anapanga mofulumira.Ngakhale chitsulo chachikulu cha silicon chikatsekeredwa, sichingafewetse ndikuchepetsa kuzizira kwazitsulo zapulasitiki.Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza pakufunika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwa chinthucho, zomwe zili ndi silicon ziyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe zingathere.

4. Sulfa (S).Sulfure ndi chidetso chovulaza.Sulfure muzitsulo idzalekanitsa tinthu tating'ono ta kristalo kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndikuyambitsa ming'alu.Kukhalapo kwa sulfure kumayambitsanso kutentha kwamphamvu ndi dzimbiri lachitsulo.Choncho, zinthu za sulfure ziyenera kukhala zosakwana 0.055%.Chitsulo chapamwamba chiyenera kukhala chosakwana 0.04%.

5. Phosphorus (P).Phosphorus imakhala ndi ntchito yolimba yowumitsa komanso kupatukana kwakukulu muzitsulo, zomwe zimawonjezera kuzizira kwachitsulo ndikupangitsa chitsulo kukhala pachiwopsezo cha kukokoloka kwa asidi.Phosphorous muzitsulo idzasokonezanso kuzizira kwa pulasitiki ndikupangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke panthawi yojambula.Zomwe phosphorous muzitsulo ziyenera kuyendetsedwa pansi pa 0.045%.

6. Zinthu zina za aloyi.Zinthu zina za alloy mu chitsulo cha carbon, monga Chromium, Molybdenum ndi Nickel, zimakhalapo ngati zonyansa, zomwe sizikhudza kwambiri chitsulo kuposa carbon, komanso zomwe zili nazo ndizochepa kwambiri.