1. Carbon (c) .carbon ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza kufooka kwa pulasitiki. Zokhudza zokhudzana ndi kaboni, mphamvu yayikulu ya chitsulo, ndi m'munsi pulasitiki yozizira. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti kwa pafupifupi 0,5% yowonjezeka chilichonse cha kaboni, mphamvu zokolola zimawonjezera pafupifupi 27.4MPA; Mphamvu ya anthu akuwonjezeka pafupifupi 58.8MPA; Ndipo mlengalenga amachepetsa pafupifupi 4.3%. Chifukwa chake zokhudzana ndi mpweya mu chitsulo zimakhudza kwambiri pakulephera kwa pulasitiki.
2. Manganese (Mn). Manganese amagwira ndi chitsulo oxide mu chitsulo chachitsulo, makamaka chifukwa cha zonyoza zitsulo. Manganese agwidwa ndi chitsulo cha chitsulo mu chitsulo, chomwe chimachepetsa mphamvu ya sulfure pa chitsulo. Manganese a Mangonese a manganese amatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito a chitsulo. Manganese amatha kusintha mphamvu zokhala ndi zitsulo, zimachepetsa chitsulo, zimachepetsa chipilala chozizira, chomwe sichinali chosasangalatsa ndi pulasitiki yozizira. Komabe, manganese ali ndi vuto la kuwonongeka kwamphamvu momwe zimapangidwira ndi 1/4 yokha ya kaboni. Chifukwa chake, kupatula zofuna zapadera, za manganese zokhala ndi chitsulo cha kaboni siziyenera kupitirira 0,9%.
3. Silicon (SI). Silika ndiye wotsalira wa Deoxidizer mukamasungunuka. Pamene silican yomwe ili mu chitsulo ikamawonjezeka 0,1%, mphamvu ya anthu ikuwonjezeka pafupifupi 13.7MA. Pamene silican imapitilira 0.17% ndi mikate ya kaboni ndiyokwera, imakhudza kuchepetsa chitsulo chozizira. Kuchulukitsa zinthu za silicon mu chitsulo kumakhala kothandiza pazitsulo zomveka bwino, makamaka malire, kuchulukitsanso kukana kwa zitsulo zoyera. Komabe, pomwe siyicon yomwe ili pachitsulo imapitilira 0,15%, osakhazikika osachiwiri amapangika mwachangu. Ngakhale ngati silika wamkulu wachitsulo amakhala wowoneka bwino, sizingafeteke ndikuchepetsa chotupa cha pulasitiki cha chitsulo. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa zofuna zamphamvu za malonda, zomwe zidalili ziyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe zingathere.
4. Sulfur (s). Sulufule ndi kufooka koyipa. Sulfur mu chitsulo idzalekanitsa tinthu tazitsulo zamiyala wina ndi mnzake ndikuyambitsa ming'alu. Kukhalapo kwa sulufur kumayambitsanso kutentha kwamitundu yotentha. Chifukwa chake, zokhala ndi sulufule ziyenera kukhala zosakwana 0,055%. Chitsulo chapamwamba chizikhala chochepera 0.04%.
5. Phosphorous (P). Phosphorous ali ndi ntchito yayikulu yolimbana ndi tsankho, zomwe zimawonjezera kuzizira kwa chitsulo ndikupangitsa kuti zitsulo zisakokoloke. Phosphorous mu chitsulo idzasokonezanso kuthekera kwa pulasitiki ndikupangitsa kuti malonda asokoneze pojambula. Zokhudza phosphorous mu chitsulo ziyenera kuwongoleredwa pansi pa 0.045%.
6. Zinthu zina za Aloy. Zinthu zina za Aloya mu kaboni, monga Chromium, Molybdenum ndi nickel, omwe alipo ngati zodetsa, ndipo zomwe zili zazing'ono kwambiri.
Post Nthawi: Jul-13-2022