1. Kaboni (C). Kaboni ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza kusintha kwa pulasitiki yozizira ya chitsulo. Kaboni ikachuluka, mphamvu ya chitsulo imakhala yayikulu, komanso kutsika kwa pulasitiki yozizira. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti pa kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 0.1% kwa kuchuluka kwa kaboni, mphamvu yokolola imawonjezeka pafupifupi 27.4Mpa; mphamvu yokoka imawonjezeka pafupifupi 58.8Mpa; ndipo kutalika kumachepa pafupifupi 4.3%. Chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa kaboni mu chitsulo kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a pulasitiki yozizira ya chitsulo.
2. Manganese (Mn). Manganese imakhudzana ndi iron oxide mu chitsulo chosungunula, makamaka kuti ichotse oxidation mu chitsulo. Manganese imayanjana ndi iron sulfide mu chitsulo, zomwe zingachepetse zotsatira zoyipa za sulfure pa chitsulo. Manganese sulfide yopangidwa imatha kukonza magwiridwe antchito achitsulo. Manganese imatha kukonza mphamvu yokoka ndikutulutsa mphamvu yachitsulo, imachepetsa kuzizira kwa pulasitiki, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kuzizira kwa pulasitiki. Komabe, manganese imakhudza mphamvu yosintha. Zotsatira zake ndi pafupifupi 1/4 ya kaboni. Chifukwa chake, kupatula zofunikira zapadera, kuchuluka kwa manganese mu chitsulo cha kaboni sikuyenera kupitirira 0.9%.
3. Silicon (Si). Silicon ndiye chotsalira cha deoxidizer panthawi yosungunula chitsulo. Pamene kuchuluka kwa silicon mu chitsulo kukukwera ndi 0.1%, mphamvu yokoka imawonjezeka pafupifupi 13.7Mpa. Pamene kuchuluka kwa silicon kukupitirira 0.17% ndipo kuchuluka kwa kaboni kuli kwakukulu, zimakhudza kwambiri kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa chitsulo. Kuonjezera bwino kuchuluka kwa silicon mu chitsulo kumapindulitsa pa mphamvu zonse zamakina achitsulo, makamaka malire a elastic, kungathandizenso kukana kwa chitsulo Kuwonongeka. Komabe, pamene kuchuluka kwa silicon mu chitsulo kukupitirira 0.15%, zinthu zopanda chitsulo zimapangidwa mwachangu. Ngakhale chitsulo cha silicon chachikulu chikaphwanyidwa, sichidzafewa ndikuchepetsa mphamvu za pulasitiki yozizira ya chitsulo. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa zofunikira zamphamvu kwambiri za chinthucho, kuchuluka kwa silicon kuyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe zingathere.
4. Sulfure (S). Sulfure ndi chidetso choopsa. Sulfure yomwe ili mu chitsulo imalekanitsa tinthu ta kristalo ta chitsulo kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake ndikuyambitsa ming'alu. Kupezeka kwa sulfure kumayambitsanso kuphulika kwa chitsulo ndi dzimbiri. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa sulfure kuyenera kukhala kochepera 0.055%. Chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri chiyenera kukhala chochepera 0.04%.
5. Phosphorus (P). Phosphorus imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimba komanso kulekanitsa kwambiri chitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chizizizira komanso zimapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chiziwonongeka ndi asidi. Phosphorus yomwe ili mu chitsulocho imawononganso mphamvu ya pulasitiki yozizira komanso imayambitsa ming'alu ya chinthucho panthawi yokoka. Kuchuluka kwa phosphorous mu chitsulocho kuyenera kulamulidwa pansi pa 0.045%.
6. Zinthu zina za aloyi. Zinthu zina za aloyi mu chitsulo cha kaboni, monga Chromium, Molybdenum ndi Nickel, zimapezeka ngati zinthu zosafunika, zomwe sizikhudza kwambiri chitsulocho kuposa kaboni, ndipo zomwe zili mkati mwake zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-13-2022