Chitoliro Cholimba ...
Yambitsani:
Mapaipi a gasi achilengedwe apansi panthaka amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popereka chuma chamtengo wapatalichi ku nyumba, mabizinesi ndi mafakitale. Kuti mapaipi awa akhale otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito bwino, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyenera ndi njira zowotcherera panthawi yomanga. Tidzafufuza kufunika kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chowotcherera mozungulira komanso kufunika kotsatira njira zoyenera zowotcherera mapaipi pogwira ntchito ndichitoliro cha gasi lachilengedwe pansi pa nthaka.
Chitoliro chozungulira cholumikizidwa:
Chitoliro cholumikizidwa ndi mpweya chozungulira chimatchuka popanga mapaipi a gasi wachilengedwe pansi pa nthaka chifukwa cha mphamvu yake komanso kulimba kwake. Mapaipi awa amapangidwa popinda chitsulo chosalekeza kukhala mawonekedwe ozungulira kenako nkuchilumikiza m'mizere. Zotsatira zake zimakhala mapaipi okhala ndi malo olimba, otsekedwa omwe amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu kwakunja ndikusinthasintha mayendedwe apansi. Kapangidwe kapadera aka kamapangitsachitoliro chachitsulo chozungulira cholumikizidwayabwino kwambiri pa mapaipi apansi pa nthaka komwe kukhazikika ndikofunikira.
Katundu wa Makina
| Giredi A | Giredi B | Giredi C | Giredi D | Giredi E | |
| Mphamvu yotulutsa, mphindi, Mpa(KSI) | 330(48) | 415(60) | 415(60) | 415(60) | 445(66) |
| Mphamvu yokoka, mphindi, Mpa(KSI) | 205(30) | 240(35) | 290(42) | 315(46) | 360(52) |
Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala
| Chinthu | Kapangidwe, Max, % | ||||
| Giredi A | Giredi B | Giredi C | Giredi D | Giredi E | |
| Mpweya | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| Manganese | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.20 | 1.30 | 1.40 |
| Phosphorus | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.035 |
| Sulfure | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.035 |
Mayeso a Hydrostatic
Kutalika kulikonse kwa chitoliro kuyenera kuyesedwa ndi wopanga ku mphamvu ya hydrostatic yomwe ingapangitse kuti pakhoma la chitoliro pakhale mphamvu yosachepera 60% ya mphamvu yocheperako yopezeka pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Kupanikizika kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi equation yotsatirayi:
P=2St/D
Kusintha Kovomerezeka kwa Kulemera ndi Miyeso
Utali uliwonse wa chitoliro uyenera kuyezedwa padera ndipo kulemera kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 10% kapena 5.5% pansi pa kulemera kwake kongopeka, kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kutalika kwake ndi kulemera kwake pa unit level.
M'mimba mwake wakunja suyenera kusiyana kuposa ± 1% kuchokera m'mimba mwake wakunja womwe watchulidwa.
Kukhuthala kwa khoma nthawi iliyonse sikuyenera kupitirira 12.5% pansi pa makulidwe a khoma omwe atchulidwa.
Utali
Kutalika kwapadera: 16 mpaka 25ft (4.88 mpaka 7.62m)
Kutalika kawiri mwachisawawa: kuposa 25ft mpaka 35ft (7.62 mpaka 10.67m)
Kutalika kofanana: kusiyanasiyana kovomerezeka ± 1in
Mapeto
Mapaipi ayenera kukhala ndi malekezero osawoneka bwino, ndipo ma burrs omwe ali kumapeto ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Pamene mapeto a chitoliro atchulidwa kuti ndi malekezero a bevel, ngodya iyenera kukhala madigiri 30 mpaka 35.
Njira zowotcherera mapaipi:
Zoyeneranjira zowotcherera mapaipindizofunikira kwambiri pa kulimba ndi chitetezo cha mapaipi a gasi achilengedwe apansi pa nthaka. Nazi mfundo zingapo zofunika kuziganizira:
1. Ziyeneretso za Wowotcherera:Ogwiritsa ntchito ma welding oyenerera komanso odziwa bwino ntchito ayenera kulembedwa ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti ali ndi ziphaso ndi ukatswiri wofunikira kuti agwire ntchito yowotcherera yomwe imafunika pa mapaipi a gasi wachilengedwe. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zolakwika pakuwotcherera komanso kutuluka kwa madzi.
2. Kukonzekera ndi kuyeretsa zingwe:Kukonzekera bwino malo olumikizirana ndikofunikira musanagwiritse ntchito cholumikizirana. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchotsa dothi, zinyalala kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingasokoneze kwambiri kulimba kwa cholumikiziranacho. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphimba m'mphepete mwa chitoliro kumathandiza kupanga malo olumikizirana olimba.
3. Njira zowotcherera ndi magawo:Njira zoyenera zowotcherera ndi magawo ake ziyenera kutsatiridwa kuti mupeze ma weld apamwamba. Njira yowotcherera iyenera kuganizira zinthu monga makulidwe a chitoliro, malo owotcherera, kapangidwe ka mpweya, ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowotcherera zokha monga gas metal arc welding (GMAW) kapena submerged arc welding (SAW) kuti muwonetsetse zotsatira zofanana ndikuchepetsa zolakwika za anthu.
4. Kuyang'anira ndi Kuyesa:Kuyang'ana bwino ndi kuyesa weld ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire ubwino wake ndi umphumphu wake. Zipangizo zamakono monga kuyesa kosawononga (NDT), kuphatikizapo X-ray kapena kuyesa kwa ultrasound, zimatha kuzindikira zolakwika zilizonse zomwe zingasokoneze kudalirika kwa payipi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pomaliza:
Kupanga mapaipi a gasi wachilengedwe pansi pa nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa ndi spiral kumafuna kutsatira njira zoyenera zolumikizira mapaipi. Mwa kulemba anthu odziwa bwino ntchito yolumikiza mapaipi, kukonza bwino malo olumikizirana, kutsatira njira zoyenera zolumikizira, komanso kuchita kafukufuku wokwanira, titha kuwonetsetsa kuti mapaipi awa ndi otetezeka, olimba, komanso ogwira ntchito bwino. Mwa kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala tsatanetsatane wa njira yolumikizira, titha kupereka gasi wachilengedwe molimba mtima kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamphamvu za anthu ammudzi mwathu pamene tikuika patsogolo ubwino wa chilengedwe ndi chitetezo cha anthu onse.
