Chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa: Buku Lothandiza Kwambiri Lotsimikizira Kulumikizana Kogwira Ntchito Komanso Kodalirika

Yambitsani:

M'mafakitale onse, mapaipi achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo, kulimba, komanso kusinthasintha kwawo. Mukalumikiza mapaipi achitsulo, kuwotcherera ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri. Kuwotcherera kumapanga maulumikizidwe amphamvu omwe amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri m'magawo monga zomangamanga, mafuta ndi gasi, komanso kupanga. Mu blog iyi, tikambirana za kufunika kwa kuwotcherera mapaipi achitsulo ndikupereka chitsogozo chokwanira chotsimikizira kulumikizana kogwira mtima komanso kodalirika.

Katundu wa Makina

Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Mayeso a Hydrostatic

Kutalika kulikonse kwa chitoliro kuyenera kuyesedwa ndi wopanga ku mphamvu ya hydrostatic yomwe ingapangitse kuti pakhoma la chitoliro pakhale mphamvu yosachepera 60% ya mphamvu yocheperako yopezeka pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Kupanikizika kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi equation yotsatirayi:
P=2St/D

Kusintha Kovomerezeka kwa Kulemera ndi Miyeso

Utali uliwonse wa chitoliro uyenera kuyezedwa padera ndipo kulemera kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 10% kapena 5.5% pansi pa kulemera kwake kongopeka, kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kutalika kwake ndi kulemera kwake pa unit level.
M'mimba mwake wakunja suyenera kusiyana kuposa ± 1% kuchokera m'mimba mwake wakunja womwe watchulidwa.
Kukhuthala kwa khoma nthawi iliyonse sikuyenera kupitirira 12.5% ​​pansi pa makulidwe a khoma omwe atchulidwa.

Utali

Kutalika kwapadera: 16 mpaka 25ft (4.88 mpaka 7.62m)
Kutalika kawiri mwachisawawa: kuposa 25ft mpaka 35ft (7.62 mpaka 10.67m)
Kutalika kofanana: kusiyanasiyana kovomerezeka ± 1in

Mapeto

Mapaipi ayenera kukhala ndi malekezero osawoneka bwino, ndipo ma burrs omwe ali kumapeto ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Pamene mapeto a chitoliro atchulidwa kuti ndi malekezero a bevel, ngodya iyenera kukhala madigiri 30 mpaka 35.

1. Kumvetsetsa mapaipi achitsulo:

 Mapaipi achitsuloAmabwera m'makulidwe osiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe ndi zipangizo, chilichonse choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira inayake. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena chitsulo chosakanikirana. Mapaipi achitsulo cha kaboni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wake komanso mphamvu zake, pomwe mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amapereka kukana dzimbiri bwino. M'malo otentha kwambiri, mapaipi achitsulo chosakanikirana ndi omwe amakondedwa. Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapaipi achitsulo kudzakuthandizani kudziwa njira yoyenera yowotcherera.

2. Sankhani njira yowotcherera:

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizira mapaipi achitsulo, kuphatikizapo kulumikiza arc welding, TIG (tungsten inert gas), MIG (metal inert gas), ndi kulumikiza arc welding pansi pa nthaka. Kusankha njira yolumikizira kumadalira zinthu monga mtundu wa chitsulo, kukula kwa mapaipi, malo olumikizirana ndi kapangidwe kake. Njira iliyonse ili ndi ubwino ndi zofooka zake, kotero kusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito ndikofunikira kwambiri.

3. Konzani chitoliro chachitsulo:

Kukonzekera bwino chitoliro musanagwiritse ntchito cholumikizira ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale cholumikizira cholimba komanso chodalirika. Zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa pamwamba pa chitoliro kuti muchotse dzimbiri, mamba kapena zinthu zina zodetsa. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsukira zamakina monga kutsuka waya kapena kupukuta, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsukira. Kuphatikiza apo, kupukuta kumapeto kwa chitoliro kumapanga mpata wooneka ngati V womwe umalola kuti zinthu zodzaza zilowe bwino, motero zimathandiza kuti ntchito yolumikiza ichitike bwino.

4. Ukadaulo wowotcherera:

Njira yowotcherera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa cholumikiziracho. Kutengera ndi njira yowotcherera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, magawo oyenera monga kuwotcherera mphamvu, magetsi, liwiro loyenda ndi kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa. Luso ndi chidziwitso cha wowotcherera chimagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupeza weld yabwino komanso yopanda chilema. Njira monga kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma electrode, kusunga arc yokhazikika, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya ukuyenda bwino zingathandize kuchepetsa zolakwika monga porosity kapena kusowa kwa fusion.

5. Kuyang'ana pambuyo pa kuwotcherera:

Kuwotcherera kukatha, ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku wotsatira kuwotcherera kuti mupeze zolakwika kapena zolakwika zomwe zingasokoneze umphumphu wa cholumikizira. Njira zoyesera zosawononga monga kuyang'anira maso, kuyesa kopaka utoto, kuyesa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta maginito kapena kuyesa kwa ultrasound zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuwunika kumeneku kumathandiza kuzindikira mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zolumikizira zolumikizidwa zikukwaniritsa zofunikira.

Pomaliza:

 Chitoliro chachitsulo cha kuwotchererakumafuna kuganiziridwa mosamala ndi kuchitidwa bwino kuti zitsimikizire kulumikizana kogwira mtima komanso kodalirika. Mwa kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitoliro chachitsulo, kusankha njira yoyenera yowotcherera, kukonzekera bwino chitolirocho, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zowotcherera, komanso kuchita kafukufuku wothira pambuyo pa kuwotcherera, mutha kupeza ma weld amphamvu komanso apamwamba. Izi zimathandizanso kukonza chitetezo, kudalirika komanso moyo wautumiki wa mapaipi achitsulo m'magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana komwe ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri.